Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors have become increasingly popular in a read more wide variety of applications due to their unique advantages. These bioreactors offer {highproductivity, excellent mass transfer, and enhanced mixing capabilities. A key feature of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is their {largecontact area to volume ratio, which fa

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have exhibited significant performance in wastewater treatment applications. PVDF membranes, renowned for their resistance, are commonly incorporated in MBR systems. This article examines the efficacy evaluation of PVDF membranes in an MBR system, focusing on key factors such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), flux, and re